Res. Agr. Eng., 2011, 57(2):37-50 | DOI: 10.17221/28/2010-RAE

Heat-emission analysis of small combustion equipments for biomass

J. Malaȇk, L. Passian
Department of Technological Equipment of Buildings, Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

The article addresses the urgent questions regarding the use of biomass as a fuel for combustion equipment of the heat output up to 25 kW. The article is based on the determined elemental analyses of six samples of fuel taken both from the wood mass and herbaceous biomass. These samples underwent the stoichiometric analysis of fuels. After the stoichiometric analysis the heat-emission characteristics were determined on two combustion equipments. The results of carried out elemental and stoichiometric analyses indicate higher values of nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine concentration in herbaceous biomass from agriculture compared to the analyzed wood mass. The selection of combustion equipment is particularly influenced by increased contents of sulphur and chlorine (corrosive behaviour). The net calorific value of the analyzed samples taken from the wood mass is higher than of samples taken from the herbaceous biomass. The net calorific value of fuels from herbaceous biomass is reduced due to a higher content of ashes in the fuel. The results of thermal-emission analyses show higher values of nitrogen oxides, sulphur and chlorine concentrations in the herbaceous biomass compared to the analyzed wood mass. The emission concentrations of carbon monoxide for wood fuels and herbaceous biomass also depend on the type of combustion equipment and setting of combustion air volume. The increased emissions of hydrogen chloride generated by various combustion equipments are primarily caused by the volume of combustion air and the amount of chlorine in the fuel itself. The higher the volume of combustion air brought into the combustion chamber is, the higher the emissions of hydrogen chloride are. Based on the analyses we can also draw a conclusion that the spaces of combustion equipment during combustion should be most burdened with the herbaceous biomass.

Keywords: biomass; chemical analysis; stoichiometric analysis; net calorific value; emission

Published: June 30, 2011  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Mala»ák J, Passian L. Heat-emission analysis of small combustion equipments for biomass. Research in Agricultural Engineering. 2011;57(2):37-50. doi: 10.17221/28/2010-RAE.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. ÈSN 12 4070, 1990. Zaøízení odluèovací. Metody mìøení velièin (Dust collecting equipment. Measuring methods of quantity features). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    2. ÈSN 38 5509, 1991. Plynná paliva. Fyzikální konstanty (Gaseous fuels. Physical constants). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    3. ÈSN 07 0240, 1993. Teplovodní a nízkotlaké parní kotle. Základní ustanovení (Warm water and low-pressure steam boilers. Basic regulations). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    4. ÈSN EN 303-5, 2000. Kotle pro ústøední vytápìní - Èást 5: Kotle pro ústøední vytápìní na pevná paliva, s ruèní nebo samoèinnou dodávkou, o jmenovitém tepelném výkonu nejvý¹e 300 kW - Terminologie, po¾adavky, zkou¹ení a znaèení (Heating boilers - Part 5: Heating boilers for solid fuels, hand and automatically stocked, nominal heat output of up to 300 kW - Terminology, requirements, testing and marking). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    5. ÈSN 44 1310, 2001. Tuhá paliva - Oznaèování analytických ukazatelù a vzorce pøepoètù výsledkù na rùzné stavy paliva (Solid fuels - Symbols of analytical parameters and formulae for converting the results of analyses of different states of fuels). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    6. ÈSN CEN/TS 15 104, 2006. Tuhá biopaliva - Stanovení celkového obsahu uhlíku, vodíku a dusíku - Instrumentální metody (Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen - Instrumental methods). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    7. ÈSN P CEN/TS 15 289, 2006. Tuhá biopaliva - Stanovení celkového obsahu síry a chloru (Solid Biofuels - Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    8. ÈSN P CEN/TS 15 234, 2007. Tuhá biopaliva - Prokazování kvality paliva (Solid biofuels - Fuel quality assurance). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    9. ÈSN EN 14 774-3, 2010. Tuhá biopaliva - Stanovení obsahu vody - Metoda su¹ení v su¹árnì - Èást 3: Voda v analytickém vzorku pro obecný rozbor (Solid biofuels - Determination of moisture content - Oven dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    10. ÈSN EN 14 775, 2010. Tuhá biopaliva - Stanovení obsahu popela (Solid biofuels - Determination of ash content). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    11. ÈSN EN 14 918, 2010. Stanovení spalného tepla a výhøevnosti (Solid biofuels - Determination of calorific value). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    12. ÈSN EN 15 148, 2010. Tuhá biopaliva - Stanovení obsahu prchavé hoølaviny (Solid biofuels - Determination of the content of volatile matter). Prague, Czech Office for Standards, Metrology and Testing.
    13. Directive No. 13, 2006. Smìrnice M®P ÈR s po¾adavky pro propùjèení ochranné známky - Teplovodní kotle pro ústøední vytápìní na spalování biomasy (Directive from Ministry of Environment of the CR to the requirements for awarding marks - Hot water boilers for central heating systems for biomass). Prague, M®P.
    14. Fiedler F., Persson T., 2009. Carbon monoxide emissions of combined pellet and solar heating systems. Applied Energy, 86: 135-143. Go to original source...
    15. Hedberg E., Kristensson A., Ohlsson M., Johansson Ch., Johansson P., Swietlicki E., Veselý V., Wideqvist U., Westerholm R., 2002. Chemical and physical characterization of emissions from birch wood combustion in a wood stove. Atmospheric Environment, 36: 4823-4837. Go to original source...
    16. Jeviè P., Hutla P., Mala»ák J., ©edivá Z., 2007. Efficiency and gases emissions with incineration of composite and one-component biofuel briquettes in room heater. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 53: 94-102. Go to original source...
    17. Khor A., Ryu C., Yang Y.B., Sharifi V.N., Swithenbank J., 2007. Straw combustion in a fixed bed combustor. Fuel - The Science and Technology of Fuel and Energy, 86: 152-160. Go to original source...
    18. Mala»ák J., Vaculík P., 2008. Biomass for production energy. Prague, Powerprint Press: 206.
    19. Mala»ák J., Gurdil G.A., Jeviè P., Pinar Y., Selvi K.C., 2007a. Heat-emission characteristics of some energy plants. The Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Ondokuz Mayis University, 22: 202-206.
    20. Mala»ák J., Karanský J., Altman V., Jeviè P., Gálik R., 2007b. Alternative fuels - agricultural waste material utilization. Polnohospodárstvo (Agriculture - Journal for Agricultural Sciences), 53: 38-48.
    21. Nordin A., 1994. Chemical elemental characteristics of biomass fuels. Biomass Bioenergy, 6: 339-347. Go to original source...
    22. Obernbergera I., Theka G., 2004. Physical characterisation and chemical composition of densified biomass fuels with regard to their combustion behaviour. Biomass and Bioenergy, 27: 653-669. Go to original source...
    23. Van der Lans R.P., Pedersen L.T., Jensen A., Glarborg P., Dam-Johansen K., 2000. Modelling and experiments of straw combustion in a grate furnace. Biomass and Bioenergy, 19: 199-208. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0.), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content