Res. Agr. Eng., 2021, 67(3):138-147 | DOI: 10.17221/6/2021-RAE

Characterisation of briquettes from forest wastes: Optimisation approachOriginal Paper

Oluwaseyi Kayode Fadele ORCID...*,1, Temiloluwa Ojuolape Amusan2, Ademola Olagoke Afolabi1, Clement Adesoji Ogunlade3
1 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal College of Forestry Mechanization Afaka Kaduna, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Kaduna, Nigeria
2 Department of Chemistry, Air Force Institute of Technology, Kaduna Nigeria
3 Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adeleke University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria

Waste from a forest environment constitutes an enormous quantity of renewable energy resources. In this study undesirable forest materials, such as jatropha seed shells (JSSs) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood shavings (EcWSs) were used in the production of briquettes with Acacia senegal as the binder using mixing proportions of 0 : 100, 25 : 75, 50 : 50, 75 : 25 and 100 : 0 while the binder was varied from 50, 60, 70, 80 to 90 g. Some physical properties, such as the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, were optimised using the response surface methodology at these mixing proportions. The outcome of the production showed the briquettes to have mean values of 0.66 kg.m-3, 11.51, 91.12 and 99.7 % for the density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. The optimum mixing ratio and binder quantity of 75 : 25 and 60 g, respectively, would result in a briquette having a 0.70 kg.m-3, 10.88, 98.11 and 99.86% density, moisture content, water resistance and shatter index, respectively. It has been revealed that the JSS and EcWS are potential organic wastes which could be used as a feedstock for the production of briquettes. It could be concluded that the variation in the mixing proportion of the JSSs, EcWSs and A. senegal significantly affected the properties of the produced briquettes.

Keywords: binder; eucalyptus; jatropha seed shell; properties; wastes; wood shaving

Published: September 30, 2021  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Fadele OK, Amusan TO, Afolabi AO, Ogunlade CA. Characterisation of briquettes from forest wastes: Optimisation approach. Res. Agr. Eng. 2021;67(3):138-147. doi: 10.17221/6/2021-RAE.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Antwi-Boasiako C., Acheampong B.B. (2016): Strength properties and calorific values of sawdust-briquettes as woodresidue energy generation source from tropical hardwoods of different densities. Biomass and Bioenergy, 85: 144-152. Go to original source...
    2. Ahmad K.K.Z., Sazali K., Kamarolzaman A.A. (2018): Characterization of fuel briquettes frombanana tree waste. In: Materials Today: Proceedings. Amsterdam, Elsevier Ltd.: 21744-21752. Go to original source...
    3. Aremu A.K., Adeniyi A.O., Fadele O.K. (2015): Development and performance of a jatropha seed shelling machine based on seed moisture content. Journal of Biosystems Engineering, 40: 137-144. Go to original source...
    4. ASTM (2002): ASTM D440-86. Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, USA.
    5. ASTM (2016): ASTM D2444-16. Standard Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of Wood and Wood-Based Materials; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, USA.
    6. ASTM (2017): ASTM D2395-17. Standard Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) ofWood and Wood-Based Materials; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, USA.
    7. Brožek M. (2015): Evaluation of selected properties of briquettes from recovered paper and board. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 61: 66-71. Go to original source...
    8. Brožek M., Nováková A., Kolářová M. (2012): Quality evaluation of briquettes made from wood waste. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 58: 30-35. Go to original source...
    9. Borowski G. (2007): The possibility of utilizing coal briquetteswith a biomass. Environment Protection Engineering, 33: 79.
    10. Borowski G., Hycnar J.J. (2013): Utilization of fine coal waste as afuel briquettes. International Journal of Coal Preparation and Utilization, 33: 194-204. Go to original source...
    11. Chou C.S., Lin S.H., Peng C.C., Lu W.C. (2009): The optimum conditions for preparing solid fuel briquette of rice straw by a piston-mold process using the Taguchi method. Fuel Processing Technology, 90: 1041-1046. Go to original source...
    12. Davies R.M., Davies O.A. (2013a): Physical and combustion characteristics of briquettes made from water hyacinth and phytoplankton scum as binder. Journal of Combustion, 2013: 549894. Go to original source...
    13. Davies R.M., Davies O.A. (2013b) Effect of briquetting processvariables on hygroscopic property of water hyacinth briquettes. Journal of Renewable Energy, 2013: 429230. Go to original source...
    14. Demirbas A. (1999): Evaluation of biomass materials as energy sources: Upgrading of tea waste by briquetting process. Energy Source, 21: 215-220. Go to original source...
    15. Demirbas A. (2003): Relationships between lignin contents and fixed carbon contents of biomass samples. Energy Conversion and Management, 44: 1481-1486. Go to original source...
    16. Emerhi E.A. (2011): Physical and combustion properties of briquettes produced from sawdust of three hardwood species and different organic binders. Advances in Applied Science Research, 2: 236-246.
    17. Fadele O.K., Adetokunbo S.A., Oriowo R.O. (2012): Status and prospects of Jatropha curcas L. mechanization in Nigeria. International Journal of Agricultural and Development Economics, 2: 48-54.
    18. Grover P.D., Mishra S.K. (1996): Biomass Briquetting: Technology and Practice. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States. Bangkok. Available at: http://leehite.org/biomass/documents/Biomass%20Briquetting%20Technology%20and%20Practices%20FAO.pdf
    19. Gürbüz-Beker U., Küçükbayrak S., Özer A. (1998): Briquetting of Afşin-Elbistan lignite. Fuel Processing Technology, 55: 117-127. Go to original source...
    20. Gwenzi W., Ncube R.S., Rukuni T. (2020): Development, properties and potential applications of high-energy fuel briquettes incorporating coal dust, biowastes and postconsumer plastics. SN Applied Sciences, 2: 1006. Go to original source...
    21. Israelsen M., Busk J., Jensen J. (1981): Pelleting properties of dairy compounds with molasses, alkali-treated straw and other byproducts. Feedstuffs, 7: 26-28.
    22. Kpalo S.Y., Zainuddin M.F. (2020): Briquettes from agricultural residues: An alternative clean and sustainable fuel for domestic cooking in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. Energy and Power, 10: 40-47. Go to original source...
    23. Kpalo S.Y., Zainuddin M.F., Manaf L.A., Roslan A.M. (2020): Production and characterization of hybrid briquettes from corncobs and oil palm trunk bark under a low pressure densification technique. Sustainability, 12: 2468. Go to original source...
    24. Lepersa B., Seitz T., Link G., Jelonneka J., Zink M. (2015): Development of a 10 kW microwave applicator for thermal cracking of lignite briquettes. Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, 6: 20. Go to original source...
    25. Krueger B.C., Fowler G.D., Templeton M.R., Moya B. (2019): Resource recovery and biochar characteristics from fullscale faecal sludge treatment and co-treatment with agricultural waste. WaterResearch, 169: 115253. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Missagia B., Guerrero C., Narra S., Sun Y., Ay P., Krautz H.J. (2011): Physicomechanicalproperties of rice husk pellets for energy generation. Energy Fuels, 25: 5786-5790. Go to original source...
    27. Muazu R.I, Stegemann J.A. (2017): Biosolids and microalgae as alternative binders for biomass fuel. Fuel, 194: 339-347. Go to original source...
    28. Oke P.K., Olugbade T.O., Olaiya N.G. (2016): Analysis of the effect of varying palm kernel particle sizes on the calorific value of palm kernel briquette. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 14: 23148. Go to original source...
    29. Olugbade T.O., Mohammed T.I. (2015): Fuel developed from rice bran briquettes and palm kernel shells. International Journal of Energy Engineering, 5: 9-15. Go to original source...
    30. Olugbade T.O., Ojo O.T. (2021): Binderless briquetting technology for lignite briquettes: A review. Energy, Ecology and Environment, 6: 69-79. Go to original source...
    31. Openshaw K. (2000): A review of Jatropha curcas: An oil plant of unfulfilled promise. Biomass and Bioenergy, 19: 1-15. Go to original source...
    32. Pandey V.C., Singh K., Singh J.S., Kumar A., Singh B., Singh R.P. (2012): Jatropha curcas: A potential biofuel plant for sustainable environmental development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16: 2870-2883. Go to original source...
    33. Park J., Lee Y., Ryu C. Park Y. (2014): Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: Analysis of products properties, carbon and energy yields. Bioresource Technology, 155: 63-70. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Plíštil D., Brožek M., Malaťák J., Heneman P. (2004): Heating briquettes from energy crops. Research in Agricultural Engineering, 50: 136-139. Go to original source...
    35. Prasityousila J., Muenjina A. (2013): Properties of solid fuel briquettes produced from rejected material of municipal waste composting. Procedia Environmental Sciences 17: 603-610. Go to original source...
    36. Rahaman S.A., Abdulsalam P. (2017): Characterization of cold densified rice straw briquettes and the potential use of sawdust as binder. Fuel Processing Technology, 158: 9-19. Go to original source...
    37. Rajaseenivasan T., Srinivasan V., Qadir G.S.M, Srithar K. (2016): An investigation on the performance of sawdust briquette blending with neem powder. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55: 2833-2838. Go to original source...
    38. Resch H., Hoag M.L. (1988): Pelletizing and Briquetting Wood and Bark Fuels. Corvallis, Oregon State University.
    39. Santhosh U., Sreepathi L.K. (2018): Production and quality testing of fuel briquettes made from pongamia and tamarind shell. Sadhana, 43: 4. Go to original source...
    40. Singh A., Singh Y. (1982): Briquetting of paddy straw. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 13: 42-44.
    41. Tanui J.K., Kioni P.N., Kariuki P.N., Ngugi J.M. (2018): Influence of processing conditions on the quality of briquettes produced by recycling charcoal dust. International Journal of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 9: 341-350. Go to original source...
    42. Thabuot M., Pagketanang T., Panyacharoen K., Mongkut P., Wongwicha P. (2015): Effect of applied pressure and binder proportion on the fuel properties of holey bio-briquettes. Energy Procedia, 79: 890-895. Go to original source...
    43. Tumuluru S.J., Wright C.T., Hess J.R., Kenney K.L. (2011): A review of biomass densification systems to develop uniform feedstock commodities for bioenergy application. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 5: 683-707. Go to original source...
    44. Wamukonya L., Jenkins B. (1995): Durability and relaxation of sawdust and wheat-straw briquettes as possible fuels for Kenya. Biomass and Bioenergy, 8: 175-179. Go to original source...
    45. Yaman S., Sahan M., Haykiri-Acma H., Sesen K., Kucukbayrak S. (2001): Fuel briquettes from biomass-lignite blends. Fuel Processing Technology, 72: 1-8. Go to original source...
    46. Zhang G., Sun Y., Xu Y. (2018) Review of briquette binders and briquetting mechanism. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82: 477-487. Go to original source...
    47. Zhongqing M.A., Dengyu C., Jie G., Binfu B. (2015): Determination of pyrolysis characteristics and kinetics of palm kernel shell using TGA-FTIR and model-free integral methods. Energy Conversion and Management, 89: 251-259. Go to original source...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits non-comercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content