Research in Agricultural Engineering, 2023 (vol. 69), issue 3
3D finite element analysis of tine cultivator and soil deformationOriginal Paper
Muhammad Hashaam, Muhammad Waqar Akram, Moaz Ahmad, Muhammad Zuhaib Akram, Muhammad Faheem, Muhammad Maqsood, Muhammad Aleem
Res. Agr. Eng., 2023, 69(3):107-117 | DOI: 10.17221/58/2022-RAE 
For effective tillage, design and selection of tillage tool according to soil type and condition is very important. The present study is carried out for in-depth investigation of different types of shovels of tine cultivator and behavior of soil in response to loads subjected during tillage using finite element analysis. Different types of shovels like reversible, duck foot, seed drill and cultivator shovel are simulated with different types of soil like sand, clay and loam. The origination, level and distribution of stresses and deformations in shovels experienced in different types of soils are probed. Furthermore, high stressed and crack sensitive...
Design and construction of coffee roasting machine with rounding cylinder tube using electric heat sourceOriginal Paper
Andriani Lubis, Syafriandi Syafriandi, Muhammad Idkham, Ari Maulana
Res. Agr. Eng., 2023, 69(3):118-123 | DOI: 10.17221/69/2022-RAE
The purpose of this research is to design a rounding cylinder tube on a coffee roaster using an electric heating element that will be used to roast coffee. The roasting process also uses an electric motor to rotate the cylindrical drum so that the stirring process becomes even. The research was conducted using engineering methods including identification of problems, roasting machine design formulation, prototyping, functional testing, and performance testing. The data analysed are roasting capacity, roasting temperature and the need for electrical energy used. The results showed that the roasting capacity was 2.3 kg·h–1....
Enhanced biodiesel production from waste cooking oils catalyzed by sodium hydroxide supported on heterogeneous co-catalyst of bentonite clayOriginal Paper
Darwin Darwin, Rini Ayu Marisa Harahap, Atmadian Pratama, Muhammad Thifa, Muhammad Alwi A Fayed
Res. Agr. Eng., 2023, 69(3):124-131 | DOI: 10.17221/70/2022-RAE
Various proportions of bentonite clay performing as co-catalysts were evaluated for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). The results showed that the use of bentonite as a heterogeneous co-catalyst could significantly increase the biodiesel yield by approximately 50% of the control. The heterogeneous co-catalyst of bentonite clay improved the properties of the produced biodiesel including acid number, free fatty acids (FFA), relative density, kinematic viscosity and flash point fulfilling with the standard ASTM limits and the European Biodiesel Standard (EN 14214). The use of bentonite clay in the transesterification of WCO...
A novel hybrid feature method for weeds identification in the agriculture sectorOriginal Paper
Sheeraz Arif Arif, Rashid Hussain, Nadia Mustaqim Ansari, Waseem Rauf
Res. Agr. Eng., 2023, 69(3):132-142 | DOI: 10.17221/77/2022-RAE
Weed identification and controlling systems are gaining great attention and are very effective for large productivity in the agriculture sector. Currently, farmers are facing a weed control and management problem, and to tackle this challenge precision agriculture in the form of selective spraying is much-needed practice. In this article, we introduce a novel framework for a weed identification system that leverages (hybrid) the robust and relevant features of deep learning models, such as convolutional neural network (CNN) and handcrafted features. First, we apply the image pre-processing and augmentation techniques for image quality and dataset size...
Study on drying of bitter gourd slices based on halogen dryerOriginal Paper
Dinh Anh Tuan Tran, Tuan Nguyen Van, Dinh Nhat Hoai Le, Thi Khanh Phuong Ho
Res. Agr. Eng., 2023, 69(3):143-150 | DOI: 10.17221/97/2022-RAE
In this study, the drying of bitter gourd slices with a halogen dryer was done at different thicknesses of bitter gourd (3, 5, and 7 mm) and temperatures (60, 65, and 70 °C). The effect of varying drying characteristics in the experiment was explored. Experimental results were evaluated based on the drying time and moisture content. The results indicate that the material drying thickness and drying temperature significantly impact the drying time and the equilibrium moisture content. Furthermore, the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) model is also used to train and predict the moisture content of bitter gourd in this research....
Evaluation and modelling of biogas production from batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover with oxalic acidOriginal Paper
Shitophyta Lukhi Mulia, Arnita Arnita, Wulansari Hilda Dyah Ana
Res. Agr. Eng., 2023, 69(3):151-157 | DOI: 10.17221/98/2022-RAE
Corn stover is one of the potential lignocellulosic biomasses as the raw material of biogas production. Pretreatment of lignocellulose substrates can enhance biodegradability and biogas yield. This study investigates the effect of oxalic acid pretreatment on biogas production during batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover. First-order, logistic, modified Gompertz and transference models predicted kinetic parameters during biogas production from pretreated corn stover. Results showed that oxalic acid pretreatment significantly affected biogas production (P < 0.05). The highest cumulative biogas yields of pretreated and untreated corn...